First popolation/explorations of Artic

Dec 31, 2024

Primo for Artic

THE ARCTIC OCEAN

The Arctic is the area of the polar ice cap, opposite to Antarctica, at the center of which is the North Pole, occupied for the most part by the Arctic Ocean, a Mediterranean sea surrounded on almost all sides by continental masses, 3,000 to 5,500 m deep, covered almost entirely by an ice pack of thickness varying from 1 to 10 m, limited by the Eurasian and American coasts and from which islands and archipelagos emerge. In the winter the ice pack joins to the coasts of Asia and North America, while in the summer the edges of this joining, of the ice to the land, melt or break, giving rise to floating ice that is dragged by sea currents and winds.

THE ARCTIC LANDS

The land part of the Arctic, which does not have a defined surface, as it is formed by parts of other continents, is characterised, more than by the position of the lands, by the climatic conditions which for various reasons present a certain uniformity. It is divisible, with reference to the other continents to which they belong, in the European sector, which includes the Russian Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land as well as the Norwegian Svalbard, in the Asian sector, which includes the Russian territories of Severnaya Zemlya, or the North Land, New Siberia, the Island of Solitude and Wrangel Island and, finally, in the American sector, which includes a large number of islands, mostly very large, and insular offshoots of Canada, just as the Melville and Boothia peninsulas, Baffin Land, the Melville Channel, as well as Danish Greenland, or the largest island in the world, belong to Canada.